When it comes to navigating the health system and advocating for your own health, knowledge is power!
Take a look through our glossary of key terms to make sure you are always in the know and build your own health literacy.
Does something not look right or can’t find what you are looking for? Let us know here!
The systemic exclusion and oppression of people with disability by people without disability. Usually through language that is derogatory, abusive or negative about disability.
An opportunity to show respect for Traditional Owners and the continuing connection of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples to Country. It acknowledges their ownership and custodianship of the land, their ancestors and traditions. It can be offered by anyone. It is usually given at the start of a meeting, speech or event. For more information, and for suggested wording please visit https://www.reconciliation.org.au/reconciliation/acknowledgement-of-country-and-welcome-to-country/
Brain damage that occurs any time in life after birth. It can be caused by a number of things, including injury, illness or substance abuse. It can cause physical symptoms and changes in thinking and learning ability. It can also cause difficulty controlling behaviour and emotions.
A symptom of ADHD. The person is overwhelmed by information, emotions or environment. They freeze and can’t think or take action. Also known as ADHD shutdown.
The “cost” that people with ADHD pay as a result of ADHD struggles. It includes the extra effort, resources and time invested. It can also be financial and emotional costs.
Assigned female at birth.
People who don’t have an internal gender identity or have very little experience of gender.
An LGBTQIA+ ally is someone who actively supports an inclusive culture for people of diverse sexuality and or gender.
Assigned male at birth.
A person inserts their penis, fingers or sex toy into another person’s anus. This is for sexual pleasure / during sex.
The anus is the opening at the end of the large intestine, where food waste exists the body.
Aromantic means having little or no romantic attraction to other people. Someone who is aromantic may or may not also identify as asexual.
Also known as intrauterine insemination (IUI). It is a simple, less invasive form of fertility treatment. Sperm (from a male partner or donor) is inserted into the uterus through the cervix. It is done close to the time of ovulation, and usually performed by a nurse.
An unofficial term to describe life with both autism and ADHD.
Autism is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition and a form of neurodivergence. The brain of someone with autism works in a different way to those without autism. It affects how someone behaves, interacts and makes sense of the world. People with autism often have difficulty with communication and social situations. They may also have repetitive or limited behaviours and interests. Autism is a spectrum, meaning it affects everyone differently. Autistic women and girls are likely to have different traits to autistic men and boys. It is believed that is autism is underdiagnosed in women and girls.
Severe depletion of physical, mental and emotional energy. Due to prolonged exposure to sensory overload and overwhelming social and cognitive demands. Heightened stress, masking, and unsupportive environments also contribute to autistic burnout. This may cause a significant decline in their ability to function and cope with daily life. Self compassion and care, as well as understanding and support from their community are key to recovery.
There are glands on both sides of the vagina’s entrance. These are called Bartholin’s glands. They help to lubricate the vagina. When these become blocked, fluid builds up and it can form a cyst. It usually forms on one side of the vagina. They are common for people between 20 and 50 years old.
For more information including symptoms and treatment please visit https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/bartholins-cysts
Binary refers to something that consists of 2 things. When referring to gender, the 2 binary genders are woman and man.
A type of gender affirmation. A tight top, called a binder, is used to flatten the chest.
Birth trauma can be physical and/or psychological damage during childbirth. Physical trauma is injuries to the birthing parent. Psychological trauma can be upsetting or distressing events. This can lead to mental health challenges. The non-birthing parent can experience psychological trauma too.
Someone who is romantically and/or sexually attracted to people of the same gender and people of other genders. This can include non-binary genders.
A broad term for an infection that is carried in the blood. These viruses spread between people through infected blood or other body fluids. Often from sharing needles and injecting equipment and having sex without a condom. They can also be passed on to a fetus during pregnancy. Some blood borne viruses are also sexually transmitted infections.
Bubbles of fluid (like blisters) in the breast. They are not dangerous and are not cancerous. Common in people 30 to 50 years old and people taking MHT (menopausal hormone therapy). They feel tender to touch. If you notice something like this, it is always best to alert your doctor or specialist to have them checked.
A term that a First Nations transgender person might use. It describes gender diverse people that have a male spirit and take on male roles within the community. Brotherboys have a strong sense of their cultural identity. How the word is used may differ among countries, communities, and individuals.
Caesarean section also know as C-section or caesarean birth. It is a surgery and is one of the ways a baby can be delivered. A cut is made in the abdomen and uterus. It is performed under a type of anaesthesia. Most people are awake for the procedure. Caesarean’s can be planned in advance but sometimes needed as emergency. Like any type of birth, recovery takes time. Recovery from a caesarean section usually takes about 4-6 weeks.
When abnormal cells grow in an uncontrolled way in the lining of the uterus. It is mainly caused by HPV (Human papillomavirus) infection. There are usually no symptoms. Cervical screening and getting the HPV vaccine are important ways to prevent cervical cancer.
The cervix is a part of the female reproductive system. It is the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. During childbirth, it widens to allow the baby to pass from the uterus to the vagina.
A gender neutral and inclusive term for when a parent feeds their baby from their chest. Any feeding parent can use this term, but is often used by trans and non-binary parents.
A medical condition that lasts a long time. Often life long and incurable. There are many different types and can impact each person differently. They might change the way a person lives, see’s themselves and relates to others.
The clitoris (clit) enables sexual pleasure. It is the most sensitive part of the vulva with 10,000 nerve endings. The clitoris is both outside and inside the body. The outside part is the tiny nub of flesh that sits at the top of the vulva. The inside part branches around the vagina. It is made up of nerves and erectile tissue (fills with blood and expands when stimulated).
Persuading someone to do something by using force or threats. This includes reproductive coercion, which is a form of abuse. This is when one person stops another from making decisions about their own reproductive system and health. It can take a variety of forms. Such as deliberately removing or damaging a condom, or disposing of oral contraceptives.
A form of abuse common in domestic, family and sexual violence. When a person uses behaviours to dominate, control and isolate another person repeatedly. It often does not leave visible physical injuries, but it just as harmful as physical violence. It impacts physical, mental and emotional health. It might include threats and intimidation, monitoring their phone, restricting access to healthcare, isolating them from family and friends or imposing rules. This behaviour can be subtle and manipulative – covered up as concern or love.
When the brain takes in more information or demands than it can process effectively. Often causes irritability, shutdown, mental fatigue or slowed thinking. For neurodivergent people, it’s often because of constant shifting or multitasking. It can also be from trying to make sense of unclear social or sensory information. Burnout, meltdowns and increased executive functioning problems are likely to occur.
Conception happens when an egg and a sperm join together. The sperm fertilizes the egg and this results in pregnancy. This can be achieved through sexual intercourse. It can also be achieved through IVF (in vitro fertilisation).
A type of contraception used to stop body fluids from mixing during sexual activity. They can prevent pregnancy and reduce the risk of STIs (sexually transmitted infections). They are made from rubber or plastic. Condoms be used for vaginal, anal or oral sex. There are male external condoms and female internal condoms.
Consent is when someone give permissions without feeling pressured. They must understand what they are being asked to do. Sexual consent is a free, voluntary and informed agreement to participate in a sexual act. All people involved need to agree, and genuinely want to participate. They must actively make sure the other person does too. Consent is ongoing, meaning people can change their mind.
A way to prevent pregnancy. It’s a flexible plastic stick that is inserted under the skin of the inner arm. It slowly releases a hormone (progestogen) into the body. This prevents the ovaries releasing an egg each month.
A disability consisting of both hearing and vision loss or impairment. There are different forms and is experienced in different ways. Most people with deafblindness have some hearing and/or sight. For more information please visit https://www.deafblind.org.au/what-is-deafblindness/
A tool used to reduce stress or sensory overload. It is engaging in an activity or behaviour that allows someone to relax or unwind. It is especially used among people who are neurodivergent.
A person who feels sexual attraction to others only if a strong emotional bond has formed first.
A dental dam helps prevent the spread of sexually transmitted infections. It acts as a barrier between the mouth and vagina during oral sex. It is thin, flexible and usually made from latex. It is not a type of contraception (it cannot prevent pregnancy).
A contraceptive injection. The injection contains the hormone progestogen. This prevents the ovaries from releasing an egg each month. It lasts for 12-14 weeks. It is 99% effective at preventing pregnancy. It does not protect against sexually transmitted infections.
A diaphragm is a type of contraception placed inside the vagina that covers the cervix. It is a shallow cup shape made of silicon. A special gel is also used when inserted. Together, they prevent sperm from getting to the cervix and uterus. It does not protect against sexually transmitted infections.
Acts of violence that occur in domestic settings. It is between two people who are, or were, in an intimate relationship. It includes physical, sexual, emotional, psychological and financial abuse.
A chemical messenger that works in the brain. It provides feelings of pleasure and satisfaction when doing something enjoyable. This good feeling makes you want to do it again. It has lots of other important roles in the body and brain. ADHD is linked to problems with how dopamine works in the body and brain.
A learning condition that affects a person’s ability to do math. The area of the brain that processes math and number related skills and understanding works differently to brains without dyscalculia. People with dyscalculia are neurodivergent.
A brain condition that mainly affects a person’s ability to write. It can also affect their ability to express thoughts into written form. It is a type of specific learning disorder.
A neurological (brain) condition that is a common learning disability. It makes it hard for people to read. People often have trouble with spelling, writing and understanding what they have read.
For more information please visit https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/dyslexia
A neurological (brain) and developmental condition. Also known as developmental coordination disorder. People often have trouble with learning and motor skills. Problems with gross motors skills can include running or throwing a ball. Problems with fine motors skills can include writing or using scissors.
For more information please visit https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/dyspraxia
A common behaviour in autistic people. It is when a person repeats words or phrases spoken by someone else. This is not done on purpose. It might be immediate or delayed.
A way to prevent pregnancy after sex has happened and no contraception was used. The pill prevents or delays the ovary from releasing an egg. It should be taken as soon as possible. Depending on the type of pill (there are 2 options), it can be taken up to 5 days after sex. It is available over the counter at pharmacies. No script is needed. Despite being known as the ‘morning after pill’, it can be taken at any time of day.
Includes a range of controlling behaviours. Such as controlling finances, isolation from family and friends and continual humiliation. It can also include threats against children or being threatened with injury or death.
When a person has difficulty managing emotions and feelings, and how they respond to them. It can affect how a person feels, speaks and acts. It can happen in people who are neurodivergent. It may look like big outward bursts, or going quiet. Both are ways of trying to cope with emotions that feel too strong.
A common behavioural symptom in people who are neurodivergent. It impacts a person’s ability to manage thoughts, emotions and actions. Examples may include: being easily distractible, focusing too much on one thing, difficulty switching between tasks or trouble explaining thought processes to other people.
The narrow ducts or tubes in a woman’s abdomen that carry the egg from the ovaries to the uterus. This is where fertilisation most often occurs.
The gender assigned at birth based on female external genitalia (vulva).
The internal condom (or femidom) is a soft pouch made of nitrile (synthetic rubber), that has two flexible rings at each end. It is inserted into the vagina or anus before having sex.
Female (internal) condoms work as a barrier against pregnancy and STIs. They stop ejaculate (cum) from entering the vagina or anus.
Gay is most commonly used to describe someone who is attracted to someone of the same identified gender.
Gender or Gender Identity is our sense of self when it comes to masculine or feminine. Basically, it’s how we feel in our mind. For a lot of people, gender identity will match their sex. This is called being cisgender.
See related: female / male / cisgender / transgender
Gender equality is when people of all genders have equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities. Everyone is affected by gender inequality – women, men, trans and gender diverse people, children and families. It impacts people of all ages and backgrounds.
Gender equality prevents violence against women and girls, is essential for economic prosperity and is a human right. Everyone benefits from gender equality, as societies that value women and men as equal are safer and healthier.
Gender equity is the fair treatment of women and men according to their respective needs. This may include equal treatment, or it may include treatment that is different but considered equivalent in terms of rights, benefits, obligations, and opportunities.
Gender equity ensures opportunities are not limited on the basis of gender. It corrects for gender biases so that economic outcomes improve for everyone.
Gender roles are stereotypes regarding attitudes, attributes, and actions imposed on men and women based on gender.
Gender stereotypes are a set of preconceptions regarding the role of a certain gender in society. These characteristics are then attributed to every person of that gender, often causing individuals harm and distress. Gender roles perpetuate inequality and greatly affect minorities that may not be in a position to reject these stereotypes.
Gender inequality creates the social conditions for violence against women to occur. There are four key expressions of gender inequality that have been found to predict or drive this violence.
See also: Gender Roles, PVAW, Violence Against Women.
A general practitioner (GP) is a doctor who is also qualified in general medical practice. GPs are often the first point of contact for someone, of any age, who feels sick or has a health concern. They treat a wide range of medical conditions and health issues.
Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmissible infection (STI) caused by bacteria. It can infect the cervix (top part of vagina), urethra (where urine comes out), rectum (anal passage), throat and occasionally the eyes.
An obstetrician-gynaecologist is a specialist doctor who cares for women and specialises in pregnancy, childbirth and reproductive health. They help women before, during and after childbirth, detect sexually transmitted diseases, perform reproductive health screening and surgical procedures (such as caesareans, hysterectomies and tubal ligations).
Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver. Hepatitis may be caused by alcohol, drugs, toxins or infection with a virus (called viral hepatitis). There are five (5) viruses known to cause hepatitis.
The most common are hepatitis A, B and C.
Genital herpes is one of the most common sexually transmittable infections (STIs). It is transmitted from a person infected or diagnosed with herpes to a sexual partner through vaginal, anal or oral sex, or by genital skin-to-skin contact.
A heterosexual person is someone who is attracted only to people of another gender. Most often refers to men who are exclusively attracted to women and women who are exclusively attracted to men.
HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. It is a virus that weakens the immune system. It attacks and takes over the immune cells, using them to reproduce itself and go on to infect other cells. It is primarily transmitted in blood, semen and vaginal fluids via condomless sex or sharing injecting equipment.
HIV is the virus that can cause AIDS.
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is not a single disease. It is a diagnosis that results from a spectrum of conditions that can occur when a person’s immune system is seriously damaged after years of attack by HIV.
The terms HIV and AIDS are not interchangeable.
A holistic approach means to provide support that looks at the whole person, not just one part or issue. A holistic approach considers the physical, mental emotional, social and spiritual needs.
See also: Naturopath
Homophobia is fear or hatred of people who are gay, lesbian or bisexual. Homophobia is an irrational fear or prejudice – and is something we work to eliminate in our community so that all people – regardless of their sexuality – can feel safe and respected.
Homosexual is being attracted to people of the same gender. For example: a man who is attracted to another man, or a woman who is attracted to another woman.
See also: gay / lesbian
Hormones are chemicals that cause changes in our bodies and brains. They naturally exist and can also be made in a lab.
Hormones travel through the body via tissue fibres such as blood, and can influence behaviour, mood and sexual arousal.
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a group of viruses that infect the skin or moist areas of the body. This results in warts on various parts of the body. HPV is the most common sexually transmissible infection (STI). Most people who are sexually active will be infected with at least one type of HPV at some time.
Hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the womb (uterus), with or without the cervix. The operation may also be with or without the removal of the ovaries and the fallopian tubes.
Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive within a 12-month period while actively trying. Infertility applies to both the male and female reproductive systems.
A progestogen injection given regularly every 12 weeks.
The mixed nature of social factors such as race, class, and gender as they apply to a given individual or group, often creating an overlap and susceptibility of discrimination or disadvantage.
People are born with different kinds of bodies. People who are intersex are born with natural variations in their body that differ from what we might expect to be ‘typically’ male/ female. This can include (but is not limited to) variations in hormones, chromosomes, and sexual organs. A lot of us are taught that when you have high testosterone that you’re male, but if you’re a male that is born with low testosterone you may describe yourself as intersex. There are heaps of ways that you can be intersex!
Intimate partner violence refers to behaviour by an intimate partner or ex-partner that causes physical, sexual or psychological harm, including physical aggression, sexual coercion, psychological abuse and controlling behaviours.
See also: Violence Against Women, Sexual Violence.
The Intrauterine Device (IUD) is a small device made of plastic and/or metal that is inserted into the uterus (womb) to prevent pregnancy.
Intrauterine Insemination (IUI), also known as Artificial Insemination, involves inserting the male partner’s (or donor’s) prepared semen through the neck of the womb (cervix) and into the uterus, close to the time of ovulation. It is a simpler, less invasive form of fertility treatment.
IVF (In Vitro Fertilisation) is a procedure, used to overcome a range of fertility issues, by which an egg and sperm are joined together outside the body, in a specialised laboratory. The fertilised egg (embryo) is allowed to grow in a protected environment for some days before being transferred into the woman’s uterus increasing the chance that a pregnancy will occur.
The labia are the ‘lips’ on the outside of the genitals (vulva). They protect the clitoris, vagina and urethra and become engorged during sexual activity.
There are two pairs of labia — labia majora and labia minora.
The size, shape and colour of the labia are different in every woman. One lip can be a different shape or size from the other.
The Labia Majora are the outer lips of the vagina. This is generally where pubic hair grows.
The Labia Minora are the hairless folds of skin on the inside that lead to the vagina / surround the vagina hole.
Female genital re-shaping, or labiaplasty, is performed to change the size and shape of the inner labia, the inner lips of the vulva. This is a highly risky procedure where sexual pleasure and sensation, as well as vaginal health, can be significantly impacted. It is important to do your research and understand why you want to proceed with labiaplasty.
Remember – all labia and vulvas are normal. Visit the Labia Library to find more info, useful facts and photos.
Laparoscopy is a medical procedure used to examine the interior of the abdominal or pelvic cavities for the diagnosis or treatment (or both) of a number of different diseases and conditions. For example: endometriosis, adenomyosis, ovarian cysts.
A woman whose enduring physical, romantic, and/ or emotional attraction is to other women. Some lesbians may prefer to identify as gay or as gay women.
LGBTQIA+ is an abbreviation for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer or Questioning, Intersex, Asexual, and more. These terms are used to describe a person’s sexual orientation or gender identity.
A lubricant is a liquid or gel that women and their partners can apply during sex to make the vulva, vagina, or anal area wetter. Lubricant can also be applied to a man’s penis or a sex toy to make them more slippery.
The gender assigned at birth based on male external genitalia (penis, scrotum).
A mastectomy is the surgical removal of a breast. Trans and nonbinary people may have double mastectomies to better fit their gender identity. Some people may have a mastectomy to treat or prevent breast cancer.
Menopause, also known as ‘the change of life’, is the end of menstruation (having periods) in a woman’s life. It is a natural occurrence at the end of the reproductive years, just as the first period during puberty was the start.
Menstrual cups or discs are reusable, bell-shaped devices made of silicon or rubber which are worn internally. They sit low in the vaginal canal and collect, rather than absorb, the menstrual flow.
Menstrual discs are slightly flatter and wider than cups, and are best for people who have a low cervix height. Some menstrual discs can also be worn during penetrative sexual intercourse – remember: menstrual discs or cups are not a form of contraception.
Visit www.littlemissperiod.com/collections/menstrual-cups-and-discs to read more about menstrual cups and discs, to find a product suited to you or to purchase. Little Miss Period is based in Gippsland – what a bonus!
A menstrual pad (often referred to as ‘pad’) is an absorbent reusable or disposable lining made of cotton or similar materials that you wear in your underwear against your vulva and vagina to absorb menstrual flow. These are often worn by people who do not want to use a menstrual cup, disc or tampon, or in combination with these items for extra protection.
Pads come in different shapes and sizes depending on use (e.g. sleeping /night time, sports) or heaviness of flow (e.g. liners for spotting or start / end of period, or thicker / longer for the heavier days).
Pads are also available for other concerns such as incontinence, bladder leakage or post-birth.
Menstruation or menstrual bleeding is the elimination of the egg and thickened lining of the uterus (endometrium) from the body through the vagina. Menstrual fluid contains blood, cells from the lining of the uterus (endometrial cells) and mucus.
Menstruation is commonly referred to as period.
Good mental health is a state of wellbeing in which every individual realises their own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to their community.
Mental health conditions can include anxiety, depression and suicide.
People who are concerned with mental health are encouraged to seek help through visiting their GP or health professional to develop a mental health plan to get them back on track.
Remember – it is ok to not be ok, and help is always available.
If you need immediate assistance, contact the below 24/7 crisis support centres:
More information can also be found here.
Mindfulness is a type of meditation in which you focus on being intensely aware of what you’re sensing and feeling in the moment, without interpretation or judgment. Practicing mindfulness involves breathing methods, guided imagery, and other practices to relax the body and mind and help reduce stress.
Mirena is a hormonal intrauterine device (IUD) that can provide long-term birth control (contraception). The device is a T-shaped plastic frame that’s inserted into the uterus, where it releases a type of the hormone progestin.
A miscarriage occurs when an embryo or fetus dies before the 20th week of pregnancy. The loss of a baby after 20 weeks is called a stillbirth. Up to 1 in 5 confirmed pregnancies end in miscarriage before 20 weeks, but many other women miscarry without having realised they are pregnant.
A professional naturopath is someone who has completed, at a minimum, an Advanced Diploma in either Naturopathy or Health Science, is registered with a professional body. Naturopathy takes a holistic approach to wellness. Naturopathy supports a person to live a healthy lifestyle. A range of therapies are used to support the person. Therapies may include nutritional medicine, diet advice, herbal medicine, homeopathy, lifestyle advice, and tactile therapies, such as massage, acupressure.
The peak of sexual arousal, when all the muscles that were tightened during sexual arousal relax, usually causing a very pleasurable feeling.
An ovarian cyst is a growth on an ovary. Usually benign (not cancerous). May cause varying degrees of abdominal or belly pain, irregular periods, and sometimes requires treatment or surgical removal.
The ovaries are located in the pelvis, one on each side of the uterus (i.e. right and left ovary). Each ovary is about the size and shape of an almond. The ovaries produce eggs (ova) and female hormones. During each monthly menstrual cycle, an egg is released from one ovary. The egg travels from the ovary through a fallopian tube to the uterus.
Pansexual describes the sexual, romantic or emotional attraction towards people regardless of their sex or gender identity.
The pelvic floor muscles support the bladder, uterus, and bowel. Pelvic floor muscles support the bladder, bowel and the uterus. They prevent incontinence of bladder and bowel, prolapse and are also important in sexual function.
The lowest part of your abdomen and pelvis. Pelvic pain might refer to symptoms arising from the reproductive, urinary or digestive symptoms or from muscles and ligaments in pelvis. Depending on it source,
pelvic pain can be dull or sharp, the pain might be constant or sometimes and can hurt more during activities such as going to the bathroom or having sex.
Peri-menopause is the stage of life leading up to your last menstrual period, which is known as menopause. During this stage you may experience some of the symptoms of menopause
Peri-natal depression is when you experience depression during pregnancy, and affects up to one in ten women in Australia.
Period poverty is a lack of access to menstrual products, education, hygiene facilities, waste management, or a combination of these. Period poverty is a global problem, with millions of women and girls being held back and even endangered by not being able to afford basic menstrual care.
For more information, visit Share the Dignity.
Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure. Physical activity refers to all movement including during leisure time, for transport to get to and from places, or
as part of a person’s work. Both moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity improve health.
Polyamorous is the act of having intimate relationships with more than one person at the same time. A polyamorous person might have or might be open to having multiple romantic partners.
Polygamy is marriage to more than one partner at a time.
Porn, or pornography, is any video, photos, or words that are meant to be sexually exciting or entertaining. Porn is created in various types of media, including movies or film, magazines and books.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex hormonal condition. It is relatively common, affecting 8-13% of people with ovaries. However, the majority of people go undiagnosed. People living with PCOS can experience irregular periods, excessive facial and body hair, acne, obesity, reduced fertility and can have an increased risk of diabetes. PCOS can be diagnosed by taking a medical history, examination, blood tests and an ultrasound. Treatment for PCOS includes a healthy diet and exercise and targeted therapy such as hormones and medication.
Medicine that helps prevent HIV (or other infections) if started within a few days after being exposed.
Post-Natal or Post-Partum Depression is a mood disorder or depression that occurs in mothers after the birth of a baby. Usually this will be a short-term disorder and impacts almost 500,000 mothers per year.
It is important to seek support from trusted networks – close friends, family, mother’s groups – as post-natal depression is more common than you may think, and nothing to be ashamed by.
For assistance, speak with your GP or health professional.
If you need immediate help, contact the below 24/7 crisis support centres:
Pregnancy is the period from conception to birth. Conception occurs when an egg is fertilized by a sperm, which implants in the lining of the uterus. This then develops into the placenta and embryo, and later into a fetus.
Pregnancy usually lasts 40 weeks, beginning from the first day of the woman’s last menstrual period, and is divided into three trimesters, each lasting three months.
PVAW refers to the primary prevention of men’s violence against women and girls.
Primary prevention requires changing the social conditions, such as gender inequality, that excuse, justify or even promote violence against women and their children.
Individual behaviour change may be the intended result of prevention activity, but such change cannot be achieved prior to, or in isolation from, a broader change in the underlying drivers of such violence across communities, organisations and society as a whole. A primary prevention approach works across the whole population to address the attitudes, practices and power differentials that drive violence against women and their children.
See also: Gender Drivers, Violence Against Women.
Queer is a common umbrella term used to refer to anyone who is same gender-attracted (i.e. gay, lesbian) or gender-diverse.
In Victoria, sex is considered rape if:
Sexual and Reproductive health is a field of research, healthcare, and social activism that explores the health of an individual’s reproductive system and sexual wellbeing during all stages of their life.
Good sexual and reproductive health is important for women’s general health and wellbeing. It is central to their ability to make choices and decisions about their lives, including when, or whether, to consider having children.
Reproductive rights refer to the right to make your own decisions about your body. It includes being able to access accurate information about these issues, access sexual and reproductive health services including contraception and abortion. It includes being able to decide on your sexual partner and if you want to have children and how many.
Sex , or gender, is the label assigned at birth of female or male, sometimes intersex.
Sex, or sexual intercourse, is the act of vaginal, anal or manual intercourse or stimulation of genitals with a sexual partner(s).
The physical position of two or more lovers for sexual intercourse.
Read more here: Women’s Health Mag Sex Positions Guide.
Sex positivity is the idea that people should have space to embody, explore, and learn about their sexuality and gender without judgment or shame.
Sex Therapy is the treatment to resolve a sexual problem or dysfunction, such as premature ejaculation, inability to have orgasm, or a low level of sexual desire.
‘Sexual assault’ is any kind of sexual activity that you were forced, coerced or tricked into doing when you didn’t want to. It refers to a wide range of unwanted sexual behaviours, including:
See also: coercion, rape
Sexual Freedom is having the ability to define, explore and experience your own sexuality as you want, without fear of repression or violence. Sexual freedom is freedom of choice – whether it be for reproductive purposes such as abortion, your choice of sexual partner (with their consent), or being open to new sexual experiences.
See also: Reproductive Rights.
Sexual and Reproductive health is a field of research, healthcare, and social activism that explores the health of an individual’s reproductive system and sexual wellbeing during all stages of their life.
Sexual health is fundamental to the overall health and well-being of individuals, couples and families, and to the social and economic development of communities and countries. Sexual health, when viewed affirmatively, requires a positive and respectful approach to sexuality and sexual relationships, as well as the possibility of having pleasurable and safe sexual experiences, free of coercion, discrimination and violence.
Sexually transmissible infections (STIs) are infections which can be passed from one person to another during unprotected sexual contact or intercourse.
Symptoms include abnormal vaginal discharge, rashes, pain and itching in vagina and blisters on penis, pain during urination and ejaculation, abnormal discharge from penis.
It is also very common to have an STI and not experience any symptoms.swwww
Common types of STIs include:
See also: STI Test.
Sexual violence is any sexual act, attempt to obtain a sexual act, or other act directed against a person’s sexuality using coercion, by any person regardless of their relationship to the victim, in any setting. It includes rape, defined as the physically forced or otherwise coerced penetration of the vulva or anus with a penis, other body part or object, attempted rape, unwanted sexual touching and other non-contact forms including verbal and online abuse.
A Sex Worker is a person who is paid for providing sex or sexually arousing activities, including phone or camera sex, erotic massage, lap dancing, or striptease.
Stealthing is the act of a man removing a condom from his penis during sex without the other person’s consent or knowledge. Stealthing is considered sexual assault and is officially illegal in ACT, Tasmania and Victoria, in line with many other countries worldwide. Other states in Australia judge on a case-by-case basis.
In Australia, stillbirth is the birth of a baby who has died any time from 20 weeks into the pregnancy. The baby may have died during the pregnancy or, less commonly, during birth. If the length of pregnancy is not known, the birth will be considered a stillbirth if the baby weighs 400 grams or more.
An STI test is provided by GPs as a way to diagnose whether you have a sexually transmitted infection (STI). It is quick and painless. It’s really important to have STI tests regularly if you are sexually active, even if you don’t have any symptoms.
Suicide is the leading cause of death for people aged between 15 and 49, and occurs when a person intentionally ends their own life. Suicide occurs due to a number of complex factors, often including psychological, social, environmental and/or situational.
Some risk factors can include:
Remember – help is always available.
In an emergency, always contact 000.
If you or someone you know need immediate assistance, contact the below 24/7 crisis support centres:
More information can also be found here.
‘The Pill’ is the common name for the oral contraceptive pill that are taken by women or people with a uterus to prevent pregnancy.
There are two types of oral contraceptives:
You use oral contraceptives by swallowing one pill at the same time or around the same time every day.
Tampons are cotton plugs that you put in your vagina to soak up blood during your period or menstruation. They have a string on the end to make removing them easier. Sometimes they come with plastic applicators that help to insert them, which work like a syringe. You can get tampons with various absorbency ratings depending on the heaviness of your flow. Tampons when in use, must be changed frequently every few hours.
Transgender people are people whose gender identity is different from the gender they were assigned at birth. “Trans” is often used as shorthand for transgender.
Tubal ligation is a surgical procedure for female sterilization in which the fallopian tubes are permanently blocked, clipped or removed. This prevents the fertilisation of eggs by sperm.
The Urethra is the tube that empties the bladder and carries urine to the urethral opening (the hole you urinate or pee out of). The urethra also carries ejaculate and pre-ejaculate in men and people with penises.
The Uterus is the reproductive organ from which women menstruate and where a pregnancy develops. Also called “womb.”
A UTI is a bacterial infection of the bladder, the ureters, or the urethra. It is not sexually transmitted. The most common symptom is a frequent urge to pee and pain while peeing. UTIs are curable with antibiotics, which will require a visit to your GP.
The muscular canal that extends from the cervix to the outside of the body. The opening of the vagina is between the legs in the vulva. Most females have a vagina.
Vaginal discharge is fluid or mucous made by glands inside the vagina and cervix. You might notice it in your underwear or on toilet paper after you wipe. Vaginal discharge cleans and moistens the vagina and helps prevent and fight infections.
A soft plastic ring which is selfinserted into the vagina and slowly releases low doses of oestrogen and progestogen similar to the pill. It is left in place for 3 weeks and taken out for a week.
Vaginal sex is sex that involves a penis goes into / penetrates a vagina for sexual pleasure and/or with the aim to conceive a pregnancy.
Vaginismus is painful muscle spasms in the vagina as a response to pressure/contact. Sometimes vaginismus has no known cause, and sometimes happens after psychological or physical trauma.
Vaginitis is the irritation or inflammation of your vagina or vulva due to an infection, allergy, or change in the chemical balance in your vagina.
A procedure that cuts the tube called the vas deferens so that sperm produced in the testes cannot get into the semen (cum).
A Vibrator is an electrically powered sex toy that applies vibrations to parts of the body for sexual pleasure. Like all sex toys, they can be used solo or as part of sexual intercourse with your partner(s).
Any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual, or mental harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life.
See also: Intimate Partner Violence, Sexual Violence.
The vulva consists of the external female sex organs – i.e. the outside of a female or woman’s genitals that can be seen between the legs. The vulva includes the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vestibular bulbs, vulval vestibule, urinary meatus, the vaginal opening, hymen, and Bartholin’s and Skene’s vestibular glands.
WHS refers to the collective of Women’s Health Services currently situated in Victoria.
There are 12 Women’s Health Services across Victoria including:
Women’s rights are the fundamental human rights that were enshrined by the United Nations for every human being on the planet nearly 70 years ago. These rights include the right to live free from violence, slavery, and discrimination; to be educated; to own property; to vote; and to earn a fair and equal wage.
See also: Gender Equality, Gender Equity, Reproductive Rights.
Gippsland Women’s Health acknowledges Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people as the Traditional Owners of Country and pay our respects to Elders past and present. We acknowledge the Gunaikurnai and Bunurong as the Traditional Owners of the land and waters now known as Gippsland and acknowledge that they have never ceded sovereignty.
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We acknowledge the support of the Victorian Government.
