When it comes to navigating the health system and advocating for your own health, knowledge is power!
Take a look through our glossary of key terms to make sure you are always in the know and build your own health literacy.
Does something not look right or can’t find what you are looking for? Let us know here!
The systemic exclusion and oppression of people with disability by people without disability. Usually through language that is derogatory, abusive or negative about disability.
An opportunity to show respect for Traditional Owners and the continuing connection of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples to Country. It acknowledges their ownership and custodianship of the land, their ancestors and traditions. It can be offered by anyone. It is usually given at the start of a meeting, speech or event. For more information, and for suggested wording please visit https://www.reconciliation.org.au/reconciliation/acknowledgement-of-country-and-welcome-to-country/
Brain damage that occurs any time in life after birth. It can be caused by a number of things, including injury, illness or substance abuse. It can cause physical symptoms and changes in thinking and learning ability. It can also cause difficulty controlling behaviour and emotions.
A symptom of ADHD. The person is overwhelmed by information, emotions or environment. They freeze and can’t think or take action. Also known as ADHD shutdown.
The “cost” that people with ADHD pay as a result of ADHD struggles. It includes the extra effort, resources and time invested. It can also be financial and emotional costs.
Assigned female at birth.
People who don’t have an internal gender identity or have very little experience of gender.
An LGBTQIA+ ally is someone who actively supports an inclusive culture for people of diverse sexuality and or gender.
Assigned male at birth.
A person inserts their penis, fingers or sex toy into another person’s anus. This is for sexual pleasure / during sex.
The anus is the opening at the end of the large intestine, where food waste exists the body.
Aromantic means having little or no romantic attraction to other people. Someone who is aromantic may or may not also identify as asexual.
Also known as intrauterine insemination (IUI). It is a simple, less invasive form of fertility treatment. Sperm (from a male partner or donor) is inserted into the uterus through the cervix. It is done close to the time of ovulation, and usually performed by a nurse.
An unofficial term to describe life with both autism and ADHD.
Autism is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition and a form of neurodivergence. The brain of someone with autism works in a different way to those without autism. It affects how someone behaves, interacts and makes sense of the world. People with autism often have difficulty with communication and social situations. They may also have repetitive or limited behaviours and interests. Autism is a spectrum, meaning it affects everyone differently. Autistic women and girls are likely to have different traits to autistic men and boys. It is believed that is autism is underdiagnosed in women and girls.
Severe depletion of physical, mental and emotional energy. Due to prolonged exposure to sensory overload and overwhelming social and cognitive demands. Heightened stress, masking, and unsupportive environments also contribute to autistic burnout. This may cause a significant decline in their ability to function and cope with daily life. Self compassion and care, as well as understanding and support from their community are key to recovery.
There are glands on both sides of the vagina’s entrance. These are called Bartholin’s glands. They help to lubricate the vagina. When these become blocked, fluid builds up and it can form a cyst. It usually forms on one side of the vagina. They are common for people between 20 and 50 years old.
For more information including symptoms and treatment please visit https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/bartholins-cysts
Binary refers to something that consists of 2 things. When referring to gender, the 2 binary genders are woman and man.
A type of gender affirmation. A tight top, called a binder, is used to flatten the chest.
Birth trauma can be physical and/or psychological damage during childbirth. Physical trauma is injuries to the birthing parent. Psychological trauma can be upsetting or distressing events. This can lead to mental health challenges. The non-birthing parent can experience psychological trauma too.
Someone who is romantically and/or sexually attracted to people of the same gender and people of other genders. This can include non-binary genders.
A broad term for an infection that is carried in the blood. These viruses spread between people through infected blood or other body fluids. Often from sharing needles and injecting equipment and having sex without a condom. They can also be passed on to a fetus during pregnancy. Some blood borne viruses are also sexually transmitted infections.
Bubbles of fluid (like blisters) in the breast. They are not dangerous and are not cancerous. Common in people 30 to 50 years old and people taking MHT (menopausal hormone therapy). They feel tender to touch. If you notice something like this, it is always best to alert your doctor or specialist to have them checked.
A term that a First Nations transgender person might use. It describes gender diverse people that have a male spirit and take on male roles within the community. Brotherboys have a strong sense of their cultural identity. How the word is used may differ among countries, communities, and individuals.
Caesarean section also know as C-section or caesarean birth. It is a surgery and is one of the ways a baby can be delivered. A cut is made in the abdomen and uterus. It is performed under a type of anaesthesia. Most people are awake for the procedure. Caesarean’s can be planned in advance but sometimes needed as emergency. Like any type of birth, recovery takes time. Recovery from a caesarean section usually takes about 4-6 weeks.
When abnormal cells grow in an uncontrolled way in the lining of the uterus. It is mainly caused by HPV (Human papillomavirus) infection. There are usually no symptoms. Cervical screening and getting the HPV vaccine are important ways to prevent cervical cancer.
The cervix is a part of the female reproductive system. It is the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. During childbirth, it widens to allow the baby to pass from the uterus to the vagina.
A gender neutral and inclusive term for when a parent feeds their baby from their chest. Any feeding parent can use this term, but is often used by trans and non-binary parents.
A medical condition that lasts a long time. Often life long and incurable. There are many different types and can impact each person differently. They might change the way a person lives, see’s themselves and relates to others.
The clitoris (clit) enables sexual pleasure. It is the most sensitive part of the vulva with 10,000 nerve endings. The clitoris is both outside and inside the body. The outside part is the tiny nub of flesh that sits at the top of the vulva. The inside part branches around the vagina. It is made up of nerves and erectile tissue (fills with blood and expands when stimulated).
Persuading someone to do something by using force or threats. This includes reproductive coercion, which is a form of abuse. This is when one person stops another from making decisions about their own reproductive system and health. It can take a variety of forms. Such as deliberately removing or damaging a condom, or disposing of oral contraceptives.
A form of abuse common in domestic, family and sexual violence. When a person uses behaviours to dominate, control and isolate another person repeatedly. It often does not leave visible physical injuries, but it just as harmful as physical violence. It impacts physical, mental and emotional health. It might include threats and intimidation, monitoring their phone, restricting access to healthcare, isolating them from family and friends or imposing rules. This behaviour can be subtle and manipulative – covered up as concern or love.
When the brain takes in more information or demands than it can process effectively. Often causes irritability, shutdown, mental fatigue or slowed thinking. For neurodivergent people, it’s often because of constant shifting or multitasking. It can also be from trying to make sense of unclear social or sensory information. Burnout, meltdowns and increased executive functioning problems are likely to occur.
Conception happens when an egg and a sperm join together. The sperm fertilizes the egg and this results in pregnancy. This can be achieved through sexual intercourse. It can also be achieved through IVF (in vitro fertilisation).
A type of contraception used to stop body fluids from mixing during sexual activity. They can prevent pregnancy and reduce the risk of STIs (sexually transmitted infections). They are made from rubber or plastic. Condoms be used for vaginal, anal or oral sex. There are male external condoms and female internal condoms.
Consent is when someone give permissions without feeling pressured. They must understand what they are being asked to do. Sexual consent is a free, voluntary and informed agreement to participate in a sexual act. All people involved need to agree, and genuinely want to participate. They must actively make sure the other person does too. Consent is ongoing, meaning people can change their mind.
A way to prevent pregnancy. It’s a flexible plastic stick that is inserted under the skin of the inner arm. It slowly releases a hormone (progestogen) into the body. This prevents the ovaries releasing an egg each month.
A disability consisting of both hearing and vision loss or impairment. There are different forms and is experienced in different ways. Most people with deafblindness have some hearing and/or sight. For more information please visit https://www.deafblind.org.au/what-is-deafblindness/
A tool used to reduce stress or sensory overload. It is engaging in an activity or behaviour that allows someone to relax or unwind. It is especially used among people who are neurodivergent.
A person who feels sexual attraction to others only if a strong emotional bond has formed first.
A dental dam helps prevent the spread of sexually transmitted infections. It acts as a barrier between the mouth and vagina during oral sex. It is thin, flexible and usually made from latex. It is not a type of contraception (it cannot prevent pregnancy).
A contraceptive injection. The injection contains the hormone progestogen. This prevents the ovaries from releasing an egg each month. It lasts for 12-14 weeks. It is 99% effective at preventing pregnancy. It does not protect against sexually transmitted infections.
A diaphragm is a type of contraception placed inside the vagina that covers the cervix. It is a shallow cup shape made of silicon. A special gel is also used when inserted. Together, they prevent sperm from getting to the cervix and uterus. It does not protect against sexually transmitted infections.
Acts of violence that occur in domestic settings. It is between two people who are, or were, in an intimate relationship. It includes physical, sexual, emotional, psychological and financial abuse.
A chemical messenger that works in the brain. It provides feelings of pleasure and satisfaction when doing something enjoyable. This good feeling makes you want to do it again. It has lots of other important roles in the body and brain. ADHD is linked to problems with how dopamine works in the body and brain.
A learning condition that affects a person’s ability to do math. The area of the brain that processes math and number related skills and understanding works differently to brains without dyscalculia. People with dyscalculia are neurodivergent.
A brain condition that mainly affects a person’s ability to write. It can also affect their ability to express thoughts into written form. It is a type of specific learning disorder.
A neurological (brain) condition that is a common learning disability. It makes it hard for people to read. People often have trouble with spelling, writing and understanding what they have read.
For more information please visit https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/dyslexia
A neurological (brain) and developmental condition. Also known as developmental coordination disorder. People often have trouble with learning and motor skills. Problems with gross motors skills can include running or throwing a ball. Problems with fine motors skills can include writing or using scissors.
For more information please visit https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/dyspraxia
A common behaviour in autistic people. It is when a person repeats words or phrases spoken by someone else. This is not done on purpose. It might be immediate or delayed.
A way to prevent pregnancy after sex has happened and no contraception was used. The pill prevents or delays the ovary from releasing an egg. It should be taken as soon as possible. Depending on the type of pill (there are 2 options), it can be taken up to 5 days after sex. It is available over the counter at pharmacies. No script is needed. Despite being known as the ‘morning after pill’, it can be taken at any time of day.
Includes a range of controlling behaviours. Such as controlling finances, isolation from family and friends and continual humiliation. It can also include threats against children or being threatened with injury or death.
When a person has difficulty managing emotions and feelings, and how they respond to them. It can affect how a person feels, speaks and acts. It can happen in people who are neurodivergent. It may look like big outward bursts, or going quiet. Both are ways of trying to cope with emotions that feel too strong.
A common behavioural symptom in people who are neurodivergent. It impacts a person’s ability to manage thoughts, emotions and actions. Examples may include: being easily distractible, focusing too much on one thing, difficulty switching between tasks or trouble explaining thought processes to other people.
A part of the female reproductive system. Two thin tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus. This allows the eggs released from the ovaries to travel to the uterus. The fertilization of an egg by a sperm happens here.
A broad term including violence between intimate partners or violence between family members. For example elder abuse or adolescent violence against parents. It can be violent or threatening behaviour. It can also be any other form of behaviour that coerces or controls a family member, or causes them to be fearful.
The sex assigned to a person at birth that is based on sex characteristics. These include external genitalia (vulva), reproductive organs, chromosomes and hormones.
The belief that everyone (regardless of gender) should have equal rights and opportunities. It is a movement for a path towards gender equality for all women and girls. This in turn shapes a more equal world for everyone. Using a feminist perspective means to look at any issue and consider gender dynamics at play, as well as it’s intersections with other forms of inequality . Feminism is as relevant and needed as it has ever been.
A feminist is any person who believes that all women and girls should have equal rights and the same opportunities as men. They not only hold this belief, but also act on it.
A common behaviour in people with ADHD. Usually small and often unconscious movement. Examples include leg bouncing, or hair twirling. It helps ADHD brains to maintain focus. It also provides an outlet for excess energy. Often if people with ADHD are forced to sit still, all their mental energy goes into not moving. This means there’s no mental energy left for listening or thinking.
‘Affect’ refers to how people show emotions. People with autism may experience flat affect. Sometimes there is a disconnection between how emotions are felt and how a person expresses them. Flat affect is when there is a total absence of an emotional response, even when emotions are felt. This may look like a blank face.
A part of the menstrural cycle. It lasts roughly 14 days, from the first day of a period until ovulation. The lining of the uterus begins to thicken, and small follicles begin growing in the ovaries. One of those follicles grows into a mature egg.
The sexual orientation of someone who is only attracted to people of the same gender as themselves.
Gender equality is where there are equal outcomes for men, women and gender diverse people. It is not only equality of opportunity but also equal or just outcomes. It requires the redistribution of power, resources and responsibilities. It requires changing underlying causes and structures that create and sustain gender inequality. Gender equality benefits everyone.
A general practitioner (GP) is a doctor who is qualified in general medical practice. GPs are often the first point of contact for someone who has a health concern. They treat a wide range of medical conditions and health issues.
A sexually transmitted infection. It is caused by bacteria that can infect the throat, anus, urethra, cervix and eyes. It is spread through unprotected vaginal, anal or oral sex. It may be passed on to a baby during labour and birth if a person is infected while pregnant.
A specialist doctor who helps prevent and manage conditions that affect the female reproductive system. They may also work as an obstetrician. This means they have a focus on pregnancy, childbirth and postnatal care. They may work in clinical or hospital settings.
The steps a person takes that affirms their gender. It is a personal process with a range of actions that may be taken so they can live as their authentic self. It can include social, legal and/or medical changes.
An umbrella term for people whose gender differs from that they were assigned at birth. It encompasses all the different ways that gender can be experienced and perceived. For example: non-binary, transgender, genderqueer, people questioning their gender, brotherboy or sister girl.
A person feeling joy, comfort and positive feelings about their sense of self and gender. The pride of feeling and being affirmed as who they are.
Distress or unease some trans and gender diverse people may experience. It may be associated with their gender, body, being misgendered or not treated as the gender they are.
A person’s behaviour, mannerisms, interests and appearance associated with gender. These are often related to masculine, feminine or androgynous characteristics.
Gender responsive care is health care that recognises and takes into consideration gender as a key determinant of health. It’s about recognising that women may experiences health, illness and access to health care differently to men. It is about ensuring services are safe and responsive.
Gender Identity is how a person understands and identifies their gender. It is who a person feels themselves to be. This may be the same or different to their sex assigned at birth or what is on legal documents.
Gender inequality is a social condition. It’s when men are valued more than women, and have more power, resources and opportunities. It’s the direct result of patriarchal systems which privilege the needs, interests and behaviours of men over women. Gender inequality frequently intersects with other forms of structural and systemic discrimination, inequality and injustice. This means that the value afforded to women and men is not afforded in the same way for all women or all men. Research has shown that the underlying social context to gender-based violence is gender inequality. There is a strong link and consistent association between gender inequality and levels of gendered violence in our communities. Everyone is affected by gender inequality – women, men, trans and gender diverse people, children and families. It impacts people of all ages and backgrounds.
Gender transformative approaches move beyond simply being aware of gender inequality. It’s the deliberate challenging of harmful gender roles, stereotypes, practices and norms. The aim is shifting the unequal distribution of power and resources between women and men.
Health promotion is a broad term. It focuses on enabling people to have control over and improve their health. It’s enhancing social, educational, environmental, political and economic conditions needed to promote health. At the same time it recognises the wider determinants of health. For example social, environmental, commercial and systemic determinants. Achieving equity in health is a key aspect.
Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection (STI). It is caused by herpes simplex virus. This is the same type of virus that causes cold sores. The virus stays in the body for the rest of your life. It is spread by skin to skin contact, usually from genital or oral sex. Some people have no symptoms. Others experience outbreaks of blisters or sores on the genitals and anus. It is a common condition. 1 in 8 sexually active Australian adults have a diagnosis.
A societal attitude. The belief that being heterosexual (straight) is the natural and normal expression of sexual orientation and relationships. It is the assumption that everyone is heterosexual unless otherwise stated. Social institutions and policies often reinforce these presumptions.
Someone who is only attracted to people that are a different gender to themselves. Also referred to as ‘straight’.
A holistic approach means to provide support that looks at the whole person, not just one part or issue. A holistic approach considers the physical, mental, emotional, social and spiritual needs.
One of the presentations of ADHD. It’s the brains way of seeking stimulation to regulate attention, emotion and arousal. Often described as constant mental overdrive. Also feels like buzzing energy that can’t be controlled, frustration and difficulty relaxing. This can lead to physical symptoms such as fidgeting or leg bouncing. This is how the body redirects the internal energy. As people get older, there are usually less physical symptoms. Instead it’s mainly an inner restlessness such as racing thoughts and unable to rest even when exhausted.
Often associated with autism and ADHD. It is an intense interest or preoccupation with a subject, topic or activity for a long period of time. It can bring enjoyment and provide a sense of purpose. However, it can also mean neglecting other needs and spending lots of money and energy. It differs from hyperfocus.
A cognitive state often associated with ADHD. It is an intense concentration and absorption in a particular task or activity. In this state, people can neglect other stimuli or responsibilities. They may lose track of time and surroundings. This can be enjoyable and beneficial for productivity. However, it can also create challenges in shifting attention or balancing focus.
Homophobia is fear or hatred of people who are gay, lesbian or bisexual. Homophobia is an irrational fear or prejudice – and is something we work to eliminate in our community so that all people – regardless of their sexuality – can feel safe and respected.
Homosexual is being attracted to people of the same gender. For example: a man who is attracted to another man, or a woman who is attracted to another woman.
See also: gay / lesbian
Hormones are chemicals that cause changes in our bodies and brains. They naturally exist and can also be made in a lab.
Hormones travel through the body via tissue fibres such as blood, and can influence behaviour, mood and sexual arousal.
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a group of viruses that infect the skin or moist areas of the body. This results in warts on various parts of the body. HPV is the most common sexually transmissible infection (STI). Most people who are sexually active will be infected with at least one type of HPV at some time.
Hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the womb (uterus), with or without the cervix. The operation may also be with or without the removal of the ovaries and the fallopian tubes.
When an intimate image or video is shared without the consent of the person pictured. This includes images or videos that have been digitally altered. It also includes the threat of an intimate image being shared.
IVF is a way that pregnancy can be achieved. It is usually used to treat infertility. An egg and a sperm are joined together in a dish in a specialised lab. The sperm fertilizes the egg and then grows in a safe environment for a few days. It is then transferred into the uterus. This increases the chances that a pregnancy will occur.
One of the presentations of ADHD. It means having difficulty regulating where attention goes. It creates difficulty in keeping attention on a task that’s not stimulating enough for the brain. It may look like forgetfulness, difficulties with organisation, starting but not finishing tasks, not seeming to listen, not following instructions or being easily distracted. Internally it can feel like constant mental overwhelm, wanting to start tasks but feeling mentally frozen, inability to hold details in memory for long enough to act on them or being overwhelmed by senses and unable to tune them out.
The accidental loss of bladder (urine) or bowel (faeces or wind) control. It can range from small leakage to complete loss of control. 1 in 4 people in Australia have incontinence. It can affect people of all ages. It can occur for a range of reasons. These include pregnancy, UTI’s, menopause and a rage of other health conditions. With the right supports, incontinence can be prevented, managed, treated and in some cases, even cured. A great first step is to talk to your doctor. Pelvic Health Physiotherapists are another fantastic option. You can contact the National Continence Helpline on 1800 33 00 66. It is staffed by Nurse Continence Specialists who offer free and confidential information, advice and support. They can also provide you with a wide range of resources and referrals to local services.
Neurodivergent Inertia refers to difficulty starting, stopping and switching between activities. It involves maintaining one state and difficulty with wanting to change that state. It is outside someone’s control. It is not just about tasks that the person wants to avoid. It is affects simple, desired activities as well as basic needs like using the bathroom. It often causes frustration and discomfort.
A neurodivergent trait. It comes from a place of seeking connection and expressing excitement. It refers to sharing a lot of information about something the person is passionate about. This can be a crucial part of unmasking.
A form of historical trauma transmitted across generations. Survivors of the initial experience who have not healed may pass on their trauma to further generations. In Australia, intergenerational trauma particularly affects Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Especially the children, grandchildren and future generations of the Stolen Generations.
A type of contraception. It works to prevent pregnancy and protect against sexually transmitted infections. It is inserted into the vagina or anus before sex. It is a long soft pouch, that has flexible rings at each end.
Coined by Kimberle Crenshaw. It describes looking at how forms of inequality often overlap. This then creates compounding experiences of discrimination and oppression. It requires centring the voices of these people. It also means recognising historical contexts of an issue.
To learn more please visit https://unwomen.org.au/intersectional-feminism-what-it-means-and-why-it-matters/
Intersectionality is a way of thinking about identity and it’s relationship to power. It describes how people’s lives are shaped by identity, relationships and social factors. This includes race, gender, sexual identity, disability, education and poverty status. These intersect with power structures including colonialism, racism, ableism, sexism, classism and homophobia. An intersectional lens is needed to achieve equality that leaves no one behind.
People who are intersex are born with physical sex characteristics that do not fit medical norms for female or male bodies. This may not be recognised at birth and may become apparent at many different life stages. There is a wide range of variations. These include variations in hormones, chromosomes, external genitalia and reproductive organs. Intersex is not related to sexuality or gender.
A complex, long term bladder condition. It can cause bladder pain. It also causes a frequent and urgent need to wee.
Any behaviour within an intimate relationship that causes physical, sexual or psychological harm. This includes current or past marriages, domestic partnerships, or dates. This is the most common form of violence against women.
A neurodivergent trait. It describes a nervous system and brain that needs enough predictability to function. Meaning a person finds it difficult to tolerate situations where the outcome is unknown or unpredictable. It manifest mainly as stress, being unable to settle and feeling destabilised.
A broad term describing any disability that may not be immediately visible to others. Also known as hidden or non-visible disabilities. This includes physical, neurological, neurodivergent or mental health conditions. These can significantly impact on a person’s daily life, activities and interactions. It is estimated that in Australia, 80% of people with a disability have an invisible disability. The Hidden Disabilities Sunflower Program supports people with an invisible disability. They provide lanyards and wristbands that lets others know you have access needs or may need support. To find out more please visit https://hdsunflower.com/au/insights/post/for-people-with-non-visible-disabilities
For most neurodivergent brains, fairness, consistency and rules are navigation tools. And so they have a heightened awareness of rule violations and inconsistencies. The nervous system sees these as a genuine threat to the person’s ability to safely navigate the world. This leads to an intense emotional and/or physiological response. To find out more please visit https://weirdlysuccessful.org/justice-sensitivity/
The labia majora are the larger, outer folds of skin on the vulva. From puberty, this is where pubic hair grows.
The labia minora are the smaller, inner folds of skin that sit inside the labia majora. These surround the vaginal and urethral opening. Hair does not grow here.
A laparoscopy is a type of keyhole surgery performed by a gynaecologist. It is to explore the organs in the pelvis (uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes). It can be used to diagnose or treat (sometimes both) a number of conditions. These include endometriosis, ovarian cysts, ectopic pregnancy and hysterectomy.
The sexual orientation of a woman who is only attracted to women.
A term used to refer collectively to people of diverse sexual orientation and gender identity. An acronym for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer or Questioning, Intersex, Asexual + more.
Libido, also known as sex drive, is a person’s desire to be sexual with others or by themselves. It is different for each person. It is normal for a person’s libido to change as it’s influenced by lot’s of factors.
A common autistic trait. Words, questions and instructions are interpreted and answered according to their exact meaning. The person will answer or do exactly what was asked. Instead of responding to their implied or intended meaning.
LARCs prevent pregnancy for a number of months or years. There are 2 types of LARCs – a contraception implant or an Intrauterine Device (IUD). They do not protect against sexually transmitted infections.
Personal lubricants (or lube) can be used during sexual activity. They increase slipperiness, wetness and reduce irritation caused by friction/rubbing. They can be applied to the vulva, vagina, anus, penis or a sex toy. They usually come in a liquid or gel form, and can be either water, oil or silicone based. When using a condom, choose a water or silicone based lube. An oil based lube can cause condoms to break.
A part of the menstrual cycle. It lasts from the end of ovulation until right before a person’s next period. In this phase, the egg moves towards the uterus. If that egg is fertilised it can attach to the uterus wall and a pregnancy will begin. If the egg is not fertilised, then the person will get their period and the new menstrual cycle begins.
The sex assigned to a person at birth that is based on sex characteristics. These include external genitalia (penis, scrotum, testes), reproductive organs, chromosomes and hormones.
In neurodivergent terms, masking refers to a person changing how they behave to seem more neurotypical. Many do this unconsciously. Reasons for masking include to stay safe, to avoid discrimination, or to make friends. However, masking for long periods can lead to burnout, exhaustion, mental health problems, social difficulties, meltdowns and identity and self esteem issues.
A mastectomy is an operation to remove a breast. A double mastectomy is the removal of both breasts. It is usually done in order to treat breast cancer. Some people at higher risk of breast cancer may choose to have a preventative double mastectomy to reduce their risk. Trans and non-binary people may have a double mastectomy (known as ‘top surgery’) as part of their gender affirmation process.
Masturbation is when a person touches themselves for sexual pleasure. This is healthy and normal.
Medically Induced Menopause is when menopause happens because of surgery or treatment. This is different from natural early or premature menopause. It may be temporary or permanent. Symptoms of medically induced menopause are the same as natural menopause, but may feel more severe as they start suddenly.
Menopause is when a person has their last period. This is because their ovaries stop producing certain hormones and stop producing eggs. The average age for menopause is between 45 and 55.
Menopause Hormone Therapy (MHT) previously known as Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) is a type of medicine to help reduce menopause symptoms. The most common symptoms it aids is hot flushes, night sweats, vaginal dryness and sleep. It works by adding back some of the hormones that used to be produced in the body before menopause. For more information please visit https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-topics/menopause/treatments-for-menopause/
A menstrual cup is a type of reusable period product. It is a small, flexible, funnel shaped cup that’s inserted into the vagina to collect blood. Made from rubber or silicone, they use suction to stay in place. It is important to find the right size and shape to ensure proper suction.
A menstrual disc is a type of period product. It is a flexible disc shaped product that’s inserted into the widest part of the vagina (base of the cervix) to collect blood. They can be made from plastic, silicone or rubber. Some menstrual discs can be worn during penetrative sexual intercourse. However, they are not a form of contraception.
Commonly referred to as a pad, these are a type of period product that are worn in underwear. They are made from absorbent materials to absorb period blood. One side is sticky and some have wings to help them stay in place in underwear. They are available in a range of thicknesses and shapes. They cannot be flushed down the toilet. Pads can also be used for incontinence, bladder leakage or post birth concerns. The Victorian Government is providing free pads and tampons across the state.
To find a machine with free products please visit https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/free-pads-and-tampons
Commonly referred to as a period. It is a phase in the menstrual cycle. Each month the lining of the uterus thickens to prepare for a pregnancy. If a person does not fall pregnant then they will have a period. During this stage, the lining of the uterus breaks down and leaves the body through the vagina. This lining contains blood, mucous and cells.
Mindfulness is about focusing your awareness on the present moment. You do this by noticing what you are thinking, feeling or experiencing. The key to mindfulness is that you don’t judge what you notice. It is about making space for thoughts, feelings and experiences – just observe and accept them. Mindfulness can be done anytime, anywhere and does not always involve meditation. For example it can be done when walking or eating. Regular mindful practise can help support mental health. To learn more please visit https://www.beyondblue.org.au/mental-health/wellbeing/mindfulness-and-mental-health
A type of contraception that is inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. The Mirena is a type of hormonal IUD (intrauterine device). It is a small “T” shaped device made of plastic. It slowly releases the hormone progestogen into the uterus.
A miscarriage is pregnancy loss before 20 weeks of pregnancy. The pregnancy ends naturally before the baby can survive outside of the womb. Most miscarriages happen within the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. Many will miscarry without having known they were pregnant if it happens in the first few weeks. The pregnancy tissue passes out of the body. This can cause cramps, period-like pain and vaginal bleeding. Grieving the loss of a baby is a very traumatic experience. It’s normal to feel a range of emotions, including shock, disbelief, deep sadness, anger and emptiness. There’s no right or wrong way to feel and it’s okay for you to take as much time as you need.
A neurodivergent condition. It is an intense emotional and physiological reaction to specific sounds. The reaction is often anger, anxiety or disgust. It’s a genuine and involuntary reaction that can cause them significant distress and impact daily functioning. Coping strategies include avoiding trigger sounds or wearing noise cancelling headphones.
Also known as emergency contraception. It is a way to prevent pregnancy after sex has happened and no contraception was used. The pill prevents or delays the ovary from releasing an egg. It should be taken as soon as possible. Depending on the type of pill (there are 2 options), it can be taken up to 5 days after sex. It is available over the counter at pharmacies. No script is needed. Despite being known as the ‘morning after pill’, it can be taken at any time of day.
A professional naturopath is someone who has at minimum, an Advanced Diploma in either Naturopathy or Health Science. They are registered with a professional body. Naturopathy takes a holistic approach to wellness. Naturopathy supports a person to live a healthy lifestyle. A range of therapies are used to support the person. Therapies may include nutritional medicine, diet advice, herbal medicine, homeopathy and lifestyle advice. It may also involve tactile therapies, such as massage and acupressure.
Understanding, accepting, including and uplifting people who are neurodivergent. It considers how to work with a person in a way that best suits them, rather than try to change them.
A neurodivergent brain is one that develops and works differently to neurotypical brains. Information is also processed in different ways. It has become an umbrella term for conditions such as ADHD, autism, dyslexia and more.
Adjustments a neurodivergent person makes for themselves. It creates a safe and comfortable environment. It provides agency and a sense of relief. To learn more please visit https://weirdlysuccessful.org/adaptations/
Neurodiverse or neurodiversity are umbrella terms. It describes the different ways people’s brains process information. It includes neurodivergent and neurotypical brains. It recognises that there is not just one way to think, learn or experience the world.
A slang term for neurodivergence. Usually used in a comical way.
A neurotypical brain is one that develops and works like the brains of most other people. It describes the way information is processed in the brain.
Used to describe genders that sit outside the binary of woman or man. This includes people whose gender is not exclusively male or female. A person who is non binary might feel like they have a mix of genders, or no gender at all. A person might identify solely as non-binary, or relate to non-binary as an umbrella term. They may consider themselves genderfluid, genderqueer, trans masculine, trans feminine, agender, bigender, or something else.
A Nurse Practitioner is a Registered Nurse who has extra qualifications. This allows them to diagnose and treat patients with a range of conditions. They can provide prescriptions, order testing, refer to specialists and more. They can provide outreach services in rural and remote communities. They are key members in health care teams.
A sex hormone that is produced in all bodies. It plays a very important role in the female body. It is needed for puberty, the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, bone strength and healthy cholesterol levels. It provides a range of other benefits in the body. Throughout the menstrual cycle, levels of oestrogen change. During menopause, oestrogen levels fall and remain low. This increases the risk of heart disease and osteoporosis. Oestrogen is used in some contraceptive pills and in menopause hormone therapy (MHT).
An orgasm is the peak of sexual arousal where the body releases sexual tension and pressure. It involves very intense feelings of pleasure in the genitals and throughout the body. It happens because of sexual stimulation to the genitals and other sexual zones of the body (i.e. nipples). Heart rate, blood pressure and breathing rate increase and hormones are released. This can occur during masturbation or sexual activity with another person.
Ovarian cancer is a cancer that affects the female reproductive organs. The cells in the ovaries, fallopian tubes or the outer covering of the abdominal and pelvic organs grow in an uncontrolled and abnormal way. There is no early detection test and there are usually no symptoms in the early stages. The 4 main symptoms are increased abdomen size (bloating), pelvic / abdominal pain, feeling full after a eating a small amount and frequent / urgent urination. Ovarian Cancer Australia provide a symptom tracking diary for a 4 week period. This can help you talk to your doctor about what you are experiencing. Find it here https://www.ovariancancer.net.au/about-ovarian-cancer/symptoms
An ovarian cyst is a sac filled with fluid that forms in an ovary. They are common. Most are harmless and will go away on their own without treatment, while some can cause problems. Most do not cause symptoms, however some people may experience stomach or pelvic pain or irregular periods. If you believe you have an ovarian cyst, it is best to alert your health care professional.
A part of the female reproductive system. There are 2 ovaries, one on each side of the uterus. They are at the end of the fallopian tubes. The ovaries produce 2 sex hormones – oestrogen and progesterone. The ovaries store eggs (follicles). Each month during ovulation, an ovary will release an egg into the fallopian tube in preparation for pregnancy.
A part of the menstrual cycle. During this phase an egg is released from one of the ovaries. It travels down the fallopian tube and waits to be fertilised by sperm. This usually happens about 14 days before the next period. The egg will survive up to 24 hours once released. Sperm can survive for about 5 days in the fallopian tubes. This means it is possible to get pregnant up to 5 days before ovulation and the day of ovulation. Ovulation does not happen if you are on the contraceptive pill.
A common feature in neurodivergent speech patterns. It is a form of verbal expression. A person will involuntary repeat their own words, phrases or sentences at the end of speaking. Each repetition often gets quieter and faster. It is often a way of processing, regulating or holding onto a thought.
Describes the sexual orientation of someone who is attracted to people of all genders. People who are pansexual are attracted to people based on specific traits unrelated to gender.
Patriarchy is a social structure where the ideas, needs and actions of men are dominant over everyone else. Men (as a group) hold social, political, cultural and economic power.
The pelvic floor is a group of muscles and ligaments. They support the bladder, uterus and bowel. When the pelvic floor is strong, they support the pelvic organs to prevent problems. When the pelvic floor is weak there can be issues with incontinence and prolapse. To find out more please visit https://www.thewomens.org.au/health-information/pregnancy-and-birth/a-healthy-pregnancy/the-pelvic-floor
Pelvic pain can present in many different ways and for a range of reasons. It commonly begins during adolescence, often around the time menstruation starts. However, it can occur at any stage of life. Pain may originate in pelvic organs such as the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, bladder or bowel. It includes conditions like endometriosis. Pelvic pain can also come from muscles, joints or connective tissues, sometimes after injury. In some cases, pelvic pain begins during periods of significant stress. For others, no single cause can be identified.
Pelvic pain is complex and individual. Understanding the many possible causes is an important step toward effective care and management. To find out more please visit https://www.pelvicpain.org.au/for-women
Perimenopause is the lead up to menopause. During this time hormones produced in the ovaries change. This causes periods to start changing and/or menopausal symptoms to start. Perimenopause usually lasts 4-7 years, but can be shorter or longer.
Period undies are a type of reusable period product that absorbs blood. They come in a range of thicknesses and styles. They are recommended to be changed every 12 hours or sooner if needed. They can then be washed and worn again.
A physical condition that affects a person’s mobility, physical capacity, stamina, or dexterity. It may cause difficulties in moving and coordinating parts of the body for everyday life.
Physical health refers to the overall condition of someone’s body and it’s ability to perform daily activities. It encompasses various aspects such as nutrition, exercise and disease prevention.
Polyamory is about relationships. Being polyamorous means to have sexual or romantic relationships with two or more people at the same time. For true polyamory, there needs to be full knowledge and consent of all people involved. Polyamory is not a sexual orientation.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a lifelong hormonal condition. It is related to imbalances in hormones and metabolism. While it is common, it often goes undiagnosed. PCOS can affect physical and mental health. The name suggests a problem with ovarian cysts. However, it’s a condition where polycystic ovaries have more immature follicles (small sacs with eggs) than usual. Common symptoms can include irregular or absent periods, polycystic ovaries, excess face and body hair and acne. PCOS can also impact fertility and pregnancy. For more information and a PCOS checklist please visit https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-topics/pcos/
Polygamy is being married to more than one partner at a time. Polygamy is illegal in Australia.
Porn is materials (videos, photos, words) that are sexual with the intention of sexually arousing the consumer. To be ethically made it needs to be produced and distributed with the consent of all people involved. Most porn does not accurately represent what sex / sexual intercourse and bodies look like in reality.
Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is a medicine taken to prevent HIV infection after being exposed to the virus. It must be taken within 72 hours of exposure.
Postmenopause is the time after a person’s final period. You are in postmenopause for the rest of your life. Menopause symptoms usually decrease or stop once reaching postmenopause. However, some people will still experience symptoms.
Postnatal depression is common and can affect any parent after the birth of a child. It is not the same as ‘baby blues’ which is only experienced in the first 3-5 days after birth. Postnatal depression is more severe. It lasts longer than 2 weeks and usually interferes with the ability to function and cope with daily life. Common symptoms can include: feeling low or numb, feeling helpless or worthless or losing interest in others (including your new baby). A parent may have postnatal depression with the birth of one of their children, but not another.
It is a treatable mental health condition.
For support, PANDA National Helpline is available Monday to Saturday on 1300 726 306. You can also visit their website https://www.panda.org.au/
For immediate crisis support call Lifeline 13 11 14 (available 24/7). Always call 000 for immediate danger.
PrEP is a tablet that reduces the risk of being infected with HIV. It can be taken by people who do not have HIV and are at risk of HIV exposure. This may be men who have sex with men and don’t use a condom. It may be people of any gender or sexuality whose sexual partner has HIV and is not on treatment.
Pregnancy begins at conception, when a sperm fertilises an egg. This fertilised egg can develop into an embryo and then a fetus. This grows inside the uterus (womb). A pregnancy usually lasts 40 weeks. These 40 weeks are split into 3 trimesters, lasting about 13 weeks each. A pregnancy can end in a birth, miscarriage, abortion or stillbirth.
Menopause is when a person has their final menstrual period. This usually happens between the ages of 45 and 55. Premature menopause is when a person has their final period before the age of 40. Symptoms will be the same, but may be more severe due to the sudden drop in hormones. There is a higher risk of heart and bone disease when premature menopause happens. To learn more please visit https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-topics/menopause/premature-and-early-menopause/
PMDD is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome. It is a hormone based mood disorder. The brain reacts abnormally to natural hormone fluctuations during the menstrual cycle. This causes intense mood related symptoms in the 1-2 weeks leading up to a person’s period. They resolve shortly after a period begins. Severe symptoms of anger, irritability, anxiety, depression and suicidal thoughts which can feel overwhelming. PMDD can interfere with daily life. PMDD can worsen during pregnancy and menopause. To find out more or to try a self screening tool please visit https://www.iapmd.org/self-screen
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is the physical and emotional changes that happen before a person’s period starts each month. Common physical symptoms include breast tenderness, bloating, headaches and fatigue. Common emotional symptoms include anxiety, irritability, mood swings and feelings of sadness. These symptoms will usually stop shortly after a period begins. The exact cause of PMS is not know, but it is thought that people who get PMS may be more sensitive to hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle.
A sex hormone that plays an important role in pregnancy and menstruation. Progesterone helps prepare the lining of the uterus for a pregnancy. During pregnancy progesterone levels rise to support the pregnancy. If a pregnancy does not occur, then progesterone levels drop and a period will begin. During perimenopause (the years leading up to menopause), progesterone levels decline.
Pronouns are the words we use to refer to people when we’re not using their name. The most common pronouns are she/her, he/him and they/them. Some people use a mix of pronouns such as she/they. Using someone’s correct pronouns is an essential part of showing respect and inclusion.
Queer is an inclusive umbrella term for people who are sexuality and gender diverse. In the past it was used to discriminate against people, so some will find it offensive. However, during the 1980’s activists started to reclaim the word. It is now commonly and widely used among the LGBTQIA+ community.
Refers to people who are exploring or questioning their gender or sexual orientation.
Rejection Sensitivity Dysphoria is an experience commonly linked to autism and ADHD. It’s described as intense and often overwhelming emotional pain. This is related to real or perceived rejection, criticism or failure. People with RSD are more likely to interpret vague interactions as rejection. They may find it difficult to control their reactions. It also causes physical pain such as tightness in the chest.
Reproductive rights means being able to make decisions about your own body. Including having equal access to health services like contraception and safe abortions. To choose if, when, and who to marry. To decide whether or not to have children, and if so how many, when and with who.
The reproductive system is the organs, glands and tissues involved in producing children. The female reproductive system includes the vagina, uterus (womb), fallopian tubes and ovaries. The male reproductive system includes the penis, testicles, epididymis, vas deferens and prostate gland.
A neurodivergent trait, also known as cognitive inflexibility. It refers to difficulty shifting between tasks, perspectives, or strategies when circumstances change.
An autistic speech and communication pattern. It helps autistic people navigate social situations, process information and express themselves effectively. It’s the use of memorised phrases, dialogues or expressions in interactions.
Pattern of behaviour by neurodivergent people of trying to avoid or minimise exposure to sensory stimuli. This is because they might have heightened sensitivity to sensory input. They might find certain sensations overwhelming or uncomfortable.
Sex , or gender, is the label assigned at birth of female or male, sometimes intersex.
Sex, or sexual intercourse, is the act of vaginal, anal or manual intercourse or stimulation of genitals with a sexual partner(s).
Commonly experienced by autistic people or people with other neurodevelopmental conditions. It’s a group of conditions that affects the way the brain process sensory information. A person has trouble taking in information from their senses and responding to it appropriately. This can be external sensory information such as sight, sound, touch, smell or taste. It can also be internal sensory information such as pain and movement sensation. People may be oversensitive or undersensitive.
Pattern of behaviour by neurodivergent people of trying to seek out and engage in sensory experiences / stimuli. They might have a heightened desire for sensory input.
Sex means different things for everyone. It is much broader than sexual intercourse (penetrative sex). It is any activity that one or more people do to feel sexually excited. This can involve touching, kissing or even talking. Most people have sex for pleasure, and its also how we reproduce. Sex should be enjoyable for everyone involved and there must be consent.
A person’s sex is based on sex characteristics such as external genitals, chromosomes, hormones and reproductive organs. This is typically recorded at birth. However, a person’s reported sex can change over time.
At birth a person is assigned a sex – male, female or intersex. This is legally recorded and usually listed on a birth certificate.
Sex positions refer to the way bodies are positioned when people are engaging in sexual activity.
At it’s core, sex positivity refers to a positive or enthusiastic attitude towards sex. It’s the idea that people should have space to embody, explore, and learn about their sexuality and gender without judgment or shame.
Sex therapy is a type of counselling provided by a registered sex therapist. The focus is to improve a person’s sex life, address difficulties or explore sexual needs. It is a talk based therapy.
Sex toys are objects used to have more pleasure during partnered sex or masturbation. There are many different types and people use them for different reasons. They can help people learn more about their bodies and what satisfies them sexually. Its normal to use sex toys and normal not to use them either – it’s a personal decision.
Sex work is the exchange of sexual services between adults for money, or something of value. Someone who provides this service is called a sex worker. It may involve physical contact or it may be digital services.
Any sexual behaviour that makes someone feel threatened, frightened or uncomfortable. It’s any sexual activity that has not been consented to, whether another person uses physical or emotional force. Sexual assault is a crime and can occur at any time throughout the lifespan.
Sexual harassment is any unwelcome sexual advance, request for sexual favours or other conduct of a sexual nature. This makes a person feel offended, humiliated and/or intimidated. A reasonable person would anticipate that reaction in the circumstances.
Sexual intercourse typically refers to penetrative sex. However, this does not cover all types of sex.
Describes a person’s attraction to others and/or who they want to have relationships with. This may be sexual, romantic and/or physical attraction. Some people know their sexual orientation from a young age, while others take time to figure it out.
Sexual violence is sexual activity that happens where consent is not obtained or freely given. It occurs any time a person is forced, coerced or manipulated into any unwanted sexual activity.
Sexuality is about sexual feelings, attractions, thoughts, preferences and behaviours. It is different for everyone, and it’s an important part of life. It can be influenced by many things.
Sexually transmitted infections (STI’s) are infections that spread from one person to another during sexual contact. They may be caused by a virus, bacteria or parasite. They are spread when bodily fluids (semen, vaginal fluids, anal fluids, blood) are shared between people. They can affect people of any gender or sex. Some can be cured, some will cure themselves and some stay for the rest of a person’s life.
To reduce the risk of getting an STI is by using barriers during sex (i.e. condoms). The only way to know if you have an STI is to get tested. Regular testing is important, as there are not always symptoms. See a doctor, nurse or a local sexual health clinic to get tested or treated. Common STI’s include: chlamydia, gonorrhoea, genital herpes, genital warts, HIV, HPV and syphilis.
For more information please visit https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/safe-sex
A term that a First Nations transgender person might use. It describes gender diverse people that have a female spirit and take on female roles within the community. Including looking after children and family. Many Sistergirls live a traditional lifestyle and have strong cultural backgrounds. How the word is used may differ among countries, communities, and individuals.
Social and emotional wellbeing is the foundation of physical and mental health for First Nations people. It is a holistic view of health across the life course. It recognises the connection to land, sea, culture and spirituality has on wellbeing. It incorporates physical, social, emotional and cultural wellbeing of individuals and their communities.
A specific learning disorder can affect someone’s ability to perceive or process information. It can affect how they take in, remember, understand or express information. Characterized by persistent and significant difficulties with learning.
A person with Speech Language impairment may not be able communicate in the same way as other people. They may have problems with their speech sounds or understanding and using language. Some people may also use a different mode of communication.
Stealthing is the act of a man removing a condom from his penis during sex without the other person’s consent or knowledge. Stealthing is considered sexual assault and is officially illegal in ACT, Tasmania and Victoria, in line with many other countries worldwide. Other states in Australia judge on a case-by-case basis.
An STI test is a way to diagnose a sexually transmitted infection (STI). It is the only way to know if you have an STI. Many STI’s do not cause symptoms so regular testing is important. It is quick and easy. In most cases it is done through a urine or blood test. Sometimes a swap sample is also needed (which a person can often do themselves). Anyone sexually active should get regular STI tests. This is regardless of age, gender, sexual orientation or relationship status. How often someone test’s will depend on sexual activity and other health risk factors. Talk to your healthcare professional about your risk. Many sexual health clinics offer free or low-cost tests. The Medicare Urgent Care Clinics are bulk billed and provide care for STIs.
A stillbirth is the birth of a baby who has died any time from 20 weeks into the pregnancy. The baby may have died during pregnancy or birth. The causes of stillbirth are still not known. Grieving the loss of a baby is a very traumatic experience. It’s normal to feel a range of emotions, including shock, disbelief, deep sadness, anger and emptiness. There’s no right or wrong way to feel and it’s okay for you to take as much time as you need. Help is always available.
Tampons are a type of period product that absorbs period blood. They are made of cotton or a mix of cotton and synthetic material. A tampon is inserted into and sits in the vagina. They come in various sizes to suit different period flows (light vs heavy). Tampons should be changed every 4 to 6 hours or more often if needed. They should not be left in longer than 8 hours. Tampons cannot be flushed down the toilet. The Victorian Government is providing free pads and tampons across the state.
To find a machine with free products please visit: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/free-pads-and-tampons
Often associated with autism and ADHD. Time blindness makes it difficult to understand or sense how much time has passed. It’s also the inability to estimate the amount of time needed to get something done.
Transgender or Trans, describes people whose gender is different than the identity assigned to them at birth. For example, if a person is assigned male (or a boy) at birth but their gender is a woman, they may identify as a trans woman. They may also use another term, as not all trans people will use this term to describe themselves.
A permanent form of female contraception. Usually a keyhole surgery where the fallopian tubes are cut and tied or sealed shut. This stops eggs from travelling to the uterus which then stops sperm from fertilising an egg.
Tube feeding is a way that some parents need to feed their child. Tube feeding gives children nutrition when they are unable to eat enough by mouth. Formula, water and breastmilk can be given into the tube.
Unmasking is when a neurodivergent person allows their neurodivergence to be seen by others. It’s unlearning behaviours and thought patterns they were taught to abide by to seem neurotypical. It’s learning that your neurodivergent traits are safe to present. In order to do this, people need a safe space and safe people around them, where they don’t have to pretend. It is not an on/off switch – it is a process. Unmasking is an important part of neurodivergent self care. It’s crucial in avoiding or healing from autistic burnout.
Everyone has a urethra. It is part of the urinary system. It is a tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body. For people with a penis, it also carries semen out of the body during ejaculation.
Also known as a prolapsed uterus. This occurs when the uterus slowly drops towards the opening of the vagina. This can happen when the tissue holding the uterus in place is stretched or weakened. Most common during menopause or soon after giving birth. To find out more please visit https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/prolapsed-uterus
The uterus is part of the female reproductive system. It is also known as the womb. The role of the uterus is to support a pregnancy. Each month (during reproductive years) the lining of the uterus thickens. If a fertilised egg does not attach to the uterus wall and begin a pregnancy, then the lining breaks down and comes out of the vagina. This is known as a period.
A Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is an infection in any part of the urinary system. They most commonly affect the bladder. The bacteria usually enters the body through the urethra. Due to having a shorter urethra, people with a vagina are at a higher risk of UTIs. Menopause is another high risk time. Symptoms include pain, stinging or burning when urinating, frequent need to urinate or smelly urine. See your doctor if you have any symptoms of a UTI.
The vagina is a part of the female reproductive system. It is an internal organ that is stretchy, muscular and tube shaped. The vagina extends from the cervix to the vaginal opening. The vagina is not the same as the vulva. It plays an important role in conception, childbirth, menstruation and sexual functions.
A vaginal birth is one of the ways a baby can be born. The uterus contracts which causes the cervix to open. Then the baby is pushed out through the birth canal (vagina). Some vaginal births need to be induced and/or assisted.
Vaginal discharge is a clear or whitish fluid that comes out of the vagina. Most discharge is normal and needed. It keeps the vulva and vagina moist and keeps infections away. Discharge will change in appearance and thickness throughout the menstrual cycle. If discharge seems abnormal and changes in amount, smell, colour or texture it is best to consult a health professional.
A vaginal ring is a type of contraception (prevent pregnancy). It is a soft plastic ring that is inserted into the vagina. It releases the hormones oestrogen and progestogen. A vaginal ring can be left in for 3 weeks at a time. It does not protect against sexually transmitted infections. For more information please visit https://www.shvic.org.au/for-you/contraception/nuvaring-vaginal-ring/
Vaginal sex is when a penis or sex toy enters the vagina.
Vaginismus is when the pelvic floor muscles around the vagina involuntary tighten. This can happen before or during an attempt to insert something into the vagina. This can caise a lot of pain and discomfort. There are a range of physical and psychological reasons why vaginismus may occur. Treatments can include pelvic floor physiotherapy, counselling or medication.
Vaginitis is a broad term that describes conditions that cause inflammation or irritation to the vagina or vulva. It may be caused by bacteria, yeast, low oestrogen or chemical irritants. It is common and treatable.
A type of contraception. It is a surgical procedure that prevents sperm from leaving the penis during ejaculation.
A common neurodivergent experience. It is an involuntary inability to produce speech. The words may exist in the mind but cannot physically be spoken. A common trigger is sensory overwhelm.
Vibrators are a type of sex toy. They are objects that vibrate to stimulate the genitals (commonly the clitoris) or other areas of the body. They come in all shapes and sizes. Some can be inserted into the vagina or anus, while others can only be used on the outside. They can be used solo or with a partner.
Any act of gender-based violence that causes, or could cause, physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women. This includes threats of harm or coercion, in public or in private life. This definition encompasses all forms of violence that women experience that are gender based. Including physical, sexual, emotional, cultural, spiritual, financial, and others.
A limitation of one or more functions of the eye or visual system. This can range from mild vision impairment to total blindness. It cannot be corrected to normal vision with prescriptive lenses or surgery.
The vulva is the external part of the female reproductive system (the genitals). It plays an important role in sexual pleasure, reproduction, menstruation and urination. It is made up of the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, urethral opening and vaginal opening. Many people accidentaly call the vulva the vagina.
Chronic pain or discomfort in the vulva that lasts for at least 3 months. Any pressure applied to the vulva can cause severe pain. Such as sex, inserting a tampon, using toilet paper or sitting for too long. It can occur at any age, but most commonly from mid 20s to 60s.
WHS refers to the collective of Women’s Health Services currently situated in Victoria.
There are 12 Women’s Health Services across Victoria including:
Women’s rights are fundamental human rights that were enshrined by the United Nations for every human being. These rights include to live free from violence, slavery, and discrimination; to be educated; to own property; to vote; and to earn a fair and equal wage. It also includes sexual and reproductive rights. This means equal access to health services like contraception and safe abortions. To choose if, when, and who they marry. To decide if they want to have children and if so how many, when and with who.
Gippsland Women’s Health acknowledges Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people as the Traditional Owners of Country and pay our respects to Elders past and present. We acknowledge the Gunaikurnai and Bunurong as the Traditional Owners of the land and waters now known as Gippsland and acknowledge that they have never ceded sovereignty.
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